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By Sossi Tatikyan Abstract : Azerbaijan’s information warfare against France has escalated into an explicit and systematic information warfare, at times escalating into hybrid war since 2023. It has various aspects – the France-Armenia partnership, the manipulation of anti-colonial...

This article was originally published in Diplomatie magazine. By Jean Marcou, associate researcher at FMES Located at the crossroads of the Balkans, the Caucasus and the Middle East, Turkey is essentially a country of migration...

The year 2024 was marked by a change of era. One rupture follows another and the old world is gradually disappearing, swept away by a dual movement that the FMES has been describing for several...

In twelve days (December 2024) and in an astonishing acceleration, the Syrian Islamist rebels managed to conquer Damascus and drive the Baathist regime out of the Assad dynasty. This geopolitical break is the indirect consequence...

The most recent conflicts show increased willingness to resort to violence and the multiplication of actors and forms of confrontation involving states. With Russia’s Black Sea Fleet undergoing slow but real attrition, and the world’s...

In response to emerging forms of naval combat, the French Navy, constrained by real budgetary limits, must make drastic choices on technologies that allow it to adapt in the short and medium term in order...

France is often referred to as a maritime power because it has jurisdiction over the world’s second largest EEZ with 10.2 million km2. Above all, this presentation shows a poor understanding of the maritime dimension....

Attempting to draw lessons from the ongoing naval conflicts in the Black Sea and off the coast of Yemen is unavoidable: these heated clashes are fought over communication, which often yields to sensationalism, even romanticism....